Dictionary (All)

Ring finger of the right hand See p,i,m,a in Left & Right Hand Fingerings

by, for, in, to, with, in the manner of

by, for, in, to, with, in the manner of

in the style of a ballad

with the beat, in strict time

music that is vocal or choral but without instrumental accompaniment

capriciously; as the player wishes

with half the power or strength

with half the power of the voice

for two performers or two instruments

playing on two strings

for two performers or two instruments

playing on two strings

to the, at the, on the, with the, in the manner of

to the, at the, on the, with the, in the manner of

playing legato

to nothing, for example, to pppp

hardly, barely

as you want, as you wish, ad lib

by degrees, gradually

little by little

as you please, at will, ad lib

as you please, at will, ad lib

the original speed; a direction to return to the original speed after a deliberate change of tempo

off

from the beginning

vehemently, violently

negligent, free and easy

a stylized roll played by the timbalero usually to signify a change in the music; a word used to describe the timbales figure (roll and accent) played to introduce or…

negligent, free and easy, impassioned

to lower, to tune a string down

embellishments, ornaments

embellishment, ornament

to ornament

to dampen, to mute

evening

evening song

originating in the seventeenth century, evening music usually of a religious or contemplative nature

but

to play notes detached, to play staccato

abridgement, abbreviation

to play notes detached, to play staccato

diminuendo, to soften gradually

the music of the indigenous people's of Australia

a song or dance from the Abruzzi district of eastern Rome

to play notes detached, to play staccato

term used for music dependent on its structure alone for comprehension, the antithesis of program music

perfect pitch, a strong conscious or unconscious memory of musical pitch

to play notes detached, to play staccato

to change one's instrument; changing parts in polyphony

to change one's instrument; changing parts in polyphony

caressing

caressingly

accelerating, getting steadily faster

accelerating, getting steadily faster

accelerated

a stress or emphasis placed upon a note or a passage indicating an elevated importance See Accents in Elements of a Musical Score See Accents in Note Symbols See Eleme…

a note ornament see Accent Fallend in Note Ornamentation

a note ornament see Accent Steigend in Note Ornamentation

a note ornament see Accent und Mordant in Note Ornamentation

a note ornament see Accent und Trillo in Note Ornamentation

accented

accent

to mark with an accent; accessory notes, for example: the upper note in a trill, or the notes above and below the written note in a turn

accented

a spread chord, played from top to bottom; brusquely, forcibly

Grace note; crushed note, written with a diagonal line through the note hook or flag

sign for raising, lowering the pitch of a note or of canceling a previously applied sign, the sharp and flat signs in a key signature are not strictly accidentals alth…

chord containing one or more notes foreign to its proper harmony

Accidentals are symbols placed before notes: sharp ( ) raises a pitch flat ( ) lowers a pitch natural cancels previous alteration In standard notation, an accidental g…

Also: sharp, flat, natural

accompanied, accompanying; where the accompanist must follow the singer allowing the singer to vary the tempo as he or she wishes

support provided by harmonically or melodically to the main theme in a piece of music, which although designed to be subordinate may, on occasions, dominate, for examp…

to perform with another but in a subordinate role

chord, tuning

to tune

tuned

tuned

tuned

tuned

tuning

tuned

to tune

chord

getting louder

emphasized

eight, care

a note one eighth the time value of a whole note see Note Values

a note one eighth the time value of a whole note see Note Values

a rest one eighth the time value of a whole rest

in eight parts

a genre of American rock, often associated with psychedelic drugs, that emerged in the late 1960's

a term used to distinguish a non electric instrument from its electric version

a musical notation which gives mechanical directions to a musical performer but without giving any indication of the resulting sound

at pleasure, as you wish it

at pleasure, as you wish it

slow

slow

slow

patterns of beats that subdivide into smaller, irregular groups, for example, 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 10; a meter common in certain types of Eastern European music

patterns of beats that subdivide into smaller, irregular groups, for example, 2 + 3 + 2 + 3 = 10; a meter common in certain types of Eastern European music

becoming sweet or soft

in a mournful manner

nobility

angered, irate

a seven to ten stringed harp of the Alur people from Uganda

Christian religious observance which takes place in the four weeks immediately preceding Christmas

anxious

a box across which lie strings of various thicknesses, stretched and tuned in unison, which when placed in a window and the strings are excited by the wind, emits chor…

extremely

in a gentle pleasant manner; in an affable manner

diminuendo, a steady softening

in a distressful or anxious manner

distressingly or anxiously

distressed or anxious

a persistent emotional state of mind, such as wonder, fear, joy, rage

a theory that arose during the Baroque period that associated certain musical methods and figures to arouse or portray particular emotions, for example, faster notes a…

fervor

full of fervor

affection

tenderly

affectionately

with tenderness

affection

afflicted, sad, melancholy

affliction

hurrying, in a quickening tempo

to hurry

in a hurrying manner

hurried

hurried

hurried

a rhythmic style combining adaptations of sacred Batá drum rhythms popularized in Cuba in the 1940s, and often used to interpret lullabies

the fusion of West African and black American music

a rhythm from Bahia, Brazil used in street parades

an accent placed on any beat in a measure other than the first

lightly and easily, unlabored

ease

rhythmically exact

rhythmically exact

agreeable

free or comfortable tempo

agitatedly

lively

in an agile and nimble fashion

in an agile and nimble fashion

in an agile and nimble fashion

agitation

the gypsy feeling of a Spanish dance

agitated, agitatedly, excited, fast, hurried, restless

agitation

agitated, agitatedly

agitatedly

agitated

the slight variations of rhythmic strength, tempo, accent and volume derived from the nature of a particular musical phrase in contrast to the regular pulse set by the…

ornament, grace note

ornaments, grace notes

rural

(1784 1849) See Classical Guitarists and Composers

Christmas songs from Spain and Spanish America

(1885 1944) See Classical Guitarists and Composers

similar, like

at the, to the

shrill, high pitch

shrill, high pitch

tune, tuneful song, art song accompanied by the lute or viola da gamba

monodic song or chanson often with a simple lute accompaniment

ease

a Moroccan harvest dance performed by men and women

a Moroccan warrior dance performed only by men. They link arms as if welded to each other and chant their song during a continuous backwards and forward movement

a Moroccan dance

a stringed instrument from the Baka forest people of southeast Cameroon

Korean seven string zither

to add

Albanian dance for men and women, in separate circles

chord

to tune

at the, to the, in the

to the end

go back to the sign or go on to the sign

in the German style

religious praise songs in Spain and Spanish America

traditional Galician folk song

troubadour or trouvère song about a lover's morning departure from his beloved after an illicit tryst

a simple accompaniment consisting of broken chords, usually 'tonic, dominant, mediant, dominant' in succession

morning music, particular of a rough pastoral form

gypsy wedding song; a flamenco style

a page or leaf from a book, or a short, easy piece

Flirtatious and erotic dance from Peru. It's a couple's dance. Traditionally, the woman has a piece of tissue between her legs while the man dances with a lit candle t…

some

some

some

a compositional technique where the choice of pitch, rhythmic value and order of events is left to chance

a compositional technique where the choice of pitch, rhythmic value and order of events is left to chance

a joyful flamenco dance, with twelve beats, from the province of Cádiz

to the, at the, on the, with the, in the manner of, in the style of

to the, at the, on the, with the, in the manner of, in the style of

cut time; used for quick duple time in which the half note is given one beat instead of two

in the style of a hunting piece

in the Turkish style

in a gypsy style

going on, continuing to get

getting slower and slower, with a fuller tone

getting slower and slower, with a fuller tone

all

to the

brightly, gaily

brightly, gaily

lively but less so than allegro

very fast tempo marking between presto and vivacissimo

quick, lively, bright, not as fast as presto

very quick

quick with precision

quick with precision and dignified

moderately quick

fast, but not too fast

alone, single

a highly melismatic responsoral chant from the mass; the third element in the Proper of the Roman Catholic Mass

a dance of German origin with 4 moderate beats to the bar, although sometimes written as two longer beats in a bar, often the first movement in a suite of dances; in t…

a dance of German origin with 4 moderate beats to the bar, although sometimes written as two longer beats in a bar, often the first movement in a suite of dances; in t…

slowing

slowing down

gradually, little by little

gradually, little by little

gradually, little by little

to lengthen the notes, to slow the tempo

then

manner

a dance of German origin with 4 moderate beats to the bar, although sometimes written as two longer beats in a bar, often the first movement in a suite of dances; in t…

a dance of German origin with 4 moderate beats to the bar, although sometimes written as two longer beats in a bar, often the first movement in a suite of dances; in t…

a dance of German origin with 4 moderate beats to the bar, although sometimes written as two longer beats in a bar, often the first movement in a suite of dances; in t…

as, like, when, than

thus

high

high

the raising or lowering of a note by means of an accidental a double sharp, sharp, double flat, flat or natural sign

a chord in which a note has been changed from its normal position, usually chromatically

substitute fingering, often used to provide tonal contrast; also used to make the playing of passage work easier

alternating one movement with another

very high

See clef in Staff, Barline, & Clef

another

encore, play it again

another

others

another

raised, lifted off, unmated

raised, lifted off, unmated

raised, lifted off, unmated

raised, lifted off, unmated

at the, on the, to the, by the, near the

lovable, sweet

lovableness

bitterly

bitterness

music performed by the Berbers of Northwestern Africa

sounds in the background arising from the environment

sounds in the background arising from the environment

sounds in the background arising from the environment

purely diatonic series of sacred melodies or chants collected and introduced into the Catholic Church by St. Ambrose (c. 339 397)

the sound post of a stringed instrument, the soul

so be it

A chord progression where the subdominant chord is followed by the tonic chord In the tonality of C major, an plagal cadence would be the subdominant f major chord (F…

without a time signature or meter as in Gregorian chant

love, tenderness, affection

loving

lovingly

lovingly

loving

love

the amount of a signal

on, by, to, at phrase

Breton circle dance

up beats or pickup notes, unstressed syllables at the beginning of a phrase

An anacrusis is a pickup that leads into the first complete bar. In notation, the opening and final measures often complement each other so their beats add up to one f…

Also: pickup, pickup measure

a phrase that starts and ends in the middle of a bar

a Spanish lullaby

the study of the form and structure of music

musical foot comprising two short notes or syllables, followed by one long

the natural minor scale

still, yet

still more slowly

devotion

devotional

various dances of Spanish origin

various dances of Spanish origin

various dances of Spanish origin

going, of a running character

moving along, flowing, at a walking pace

graceful moving along, at a walking pace

sustained and moving along

andante

go on

lasting, continuing

other

other

beginning

at the beginning

suitable to

agreeable

English; an English country dance, sometimes part of the suite, in quick duple time, always starting on a strong beat

English; an English country dance, sometimes part of the suite, in quick duple time, always starting on a strong beat

pain, anxious wish

anguish

with anguished feeling

with anguished feeling

to seize, to attack

anguish, anxiety

anxious, uneasy

to hold on

a supplement, coda

the sound post of a stringed instrument, the soul

animating

become animated

animated

animated

spirit

spirited

spirit

to swell or grow in volume

grace

grace

graceful

unknown, particular unknown composer

unknown, particular unknown composer

very strong pizzicato

touch, attack, appoggiatura before a principal note

compliant, yielding

crescendo, gradually getting louder

anxiety

instead of

to tune

a musical phrase that responds to another

the subject of a fugue or canon; the first phrase of a musical period; the first of a pair of musical statements, termed antecedent and consequent, that complement eac…

national patriotic song

ancient, antique

ancient, antique

ancient, antique

Anticipated or Expected Barre See Anticipated or Expected Barre in Barre

a note played before a chord with which it is a concord, where it is discordant with the preceding chord

ancient, antique

a musical form where one section of performers answers another

in a fugue, the answer

swelling in tone

more peacefully

clear, distinct, broad style

a person or an ideal that has been glorified or deified

Apoyando is commonly used to produce a stronger, projecting tone for melody lines. The plucking finger follows through and rests on the adjacent string after sounding…

Also: Rest Stroke

passion

impassioned

passionately

impassioned

hardly, barely

as if distressed

portamento, legato, playing smoothly, stressed, drawn out, leaning on

portamento, legato, playing smoothly, stressed, drawn out, leaning on

a note preparatory to another or to a chord acting as an unprepared suspension See appoggiatura in Note Symbols

emphasized

emphasized

after

delicately textured

popular Turkish music of Arabic rather than Turkish origin

a dance associated with Aragon in Spain

a dance associated with Aragon in Spain

a term applied to describe a melodic line that first rises before falling to a cadence

bow, string as in a single stringed instrument; used to mark a section to

a term used to describe how the flow of sound is influenced by a building's structure; the study and design of acoustically balanced halls

a large lute popular both in Italy and England during the Renaissance with an elongated neck, fitted with two peg boxes, one to accommodate unstopped strings necessary…

play a stringed instrument with a bow as opposed to plucked or pizzicato; the bow of a stringed instrument

ardently

ardent, with fire, vehemently

boldly

bold

with warmth

played with the bow

argument

music written for a solo voice with accompaniment, forming part of a larger work

a short simple aria

ancient circle dance from Bilbao, in Spain’s Basque Country

harmony

harmony

Play using Harmonics

read the notes as written using Harmonics

harmoniously

harmonious

harp

(Italian) a spread chord played from the top down or from the bottom up

(Italian) a spread chords played from the top down or from the bottom up

arpeggiate successive chords

arpeggiate successive chords

(Italian) a spread chord played from the top down or from the bottom up

to arpeggiate successive chords

played in a "harp like manner". A spread chord played from the bottom up or from the top down (with a downward pointing arrow). See arpeggio in Note Symbols

Arpeggio patterns are repeated right hand orders such as , , or . On classical guitar, practicing fixed patterns helps: build right hand consistency improve tone contr…

Also: broken chord patterns

abbreviated form of arranged

strong pizzicato, strongly plucked

to set a work originally written for one instrument (or set of instruments) for another instrument or set of instruments

a work that has been arranged

a Spanish lullaby

a Spanish lullaby

designed to stand alone and written for the concert hall, rather than a traditional or folk song

well articulated

articulation

slight separations made between notes

staccato, legato, tenuto,…..

well articulated

high notes produced on a stringed instrument where the strings is stopped lightly halfway along its sounding length

well behaved, agreeable

well articulated

a term applied in music to describe a rising melodic line, that is one rising in pitch

aspiring

rough, harsh

rough, harsh

very, extremely

much more

enough, fairly

together

usually, time signatures with 5 or 7 as the top number

usually, time signatures with 5 or 7 as the top number

a small pause on a weak beat used to strengthen the following strong beat

music that avoids a key centre but is not constructed on serial principles

music that avoids a key centre but is not constructed on serial principles

Christmas songs in the Spanish Basque Country

at once, attack, immediately; used at the end of a section, the term means go on immediately to the next section without a pause

short motif used in imitation or as a fugal subject

the beginning or manner of beginning a piece, a passage, or a musical note

attack

to the, at the

beneath, less than

early morning music, music for dawn

also, but

audacity

audacious

the range of frequencies that the human ear can hear

the try out that a musician must go through before he or she is accepted into an ensemble; also the try outs for a solo role or performance

on

to perform

performance

performing right

excited

lively

to retard

edition

to resolve a discord, to reset the tuning of a string that has been tuned sharp, to loosen, to release

natural sign

natural sign

up beat

an omitted portion, a cut

uplifted

up stroke

up beat

act of an opera of play

the lengthening of note values when recapitulating a fugal theme adding to it's dignity and weight; to increase a perfect or major interval by one half step; to add to…

the lengthening of note values when recapitulating a fugal theme adding to it's dignity and weight; to increase a perfect or major interval by one half step; to add to…

a chord that has an augmented interval between its highest and lowest notes

a chord which contains an augmented sixth above the bass, in addition to various other tones

Basque folk dance

out of, from

expression

expressively

a ripieno violinist who fills out the tone of the string line

edition

sustained, held on

to sustain, to hold on

to beat time

in addition to, out of, outer

extremely

also, as, therefore

extract, arrangement

A chord progression where the dominant chord is followed by the tonic chord In the tonality of C major, an authentic cadence would be the dominant G major chord (G B D…

a melody is written in an authentic mode when all, or almost all the notes lie above the final

a term originally used to describe an approach to the performance and understanding of music that relied on evidence from the past, especially that contemporaneous to…

a type of zither played with fingers or a plectrum, with keys to produce chords

other

others

a variety of passing note that returns back to the note immediately before it

before

an intelligentsia that develops new or experimental concepts especially in the arts

forward

preceding

Iranian modal system, made up of twelve modes, divided into seven principal modes and five secondary modes

a prayer, in Latin, to The Virgin Mary; used in Roman Catholic liturgy; set to music by a number of composers

with

female Egyptian performers who danced, sung, played musical instruments and recited poetry

tune, tuneful song, art song accompanied by the lute or viola da gamba

action, drama

British Broadcasting Corporation

A single finger holding multiple strings on a stringed instrument at the same time. Symbol used in standard notation for guitar. Number indicates which fret. Example:…

a genre from the Dominican Republic that is played with guitars and percussion, usually with lyrics that focus on love, treachery, jealousy and desperation

string plucked far from the nut thus producing a round and flutelike tone

a continuous heavy accent on beats 2 and 4 in jazz and rock and roll music

a descending appoggiatura

playfulness; a quick eighteenth century piece in 2/4 time

playfulness; a quick eighteenth century piece in 2/4 time

a large eight to ten string Ethiopian plucked lyre with a trapezoidal wooden frame

a large eight to ten string Ethiopian plucked lyre with a trapezoidal wooden frame

trifle, unpretentious; a short, light instrumental piece of music of no specified form, usually for piano

a long necked Turkish lute, with a pear shaped body, also found in Greece

dance or ballet; flamenco dance

typical festive Bolivian handkerchief dance

a slow samba rhythm from Brazil

to lower

low, deep

a Mexican twelve string guitar

phenol plastic; but now usually covers a range of different types of plastic

a royal dance of the Baganda people from Uganda

a triangular guitar like instrument with a fretted finger board normally bearing three strings of Russian origin

the adjustment of volume and timbre between instruments or voices so that, when required, each is clearly heard through the general texture

in a dance style, to be danced

a narrative song, often sentimental, with verses alternating with a refrain

thirteenth , fourteenth and fifteenth century formes fixes, a strophic piece, each stanza having an initial repeated section followed by a second section played only o…

in the style of a ballad

a dance form, originally Italian, established at the French court in the sixteenth century, formal and courtly, originally danced both by professionals and guests but…

a ball, dance

a flamenco singing style known as swing songs

the national dance of Colombia, South America

a Serbian dance

a group of instrumental players

volume

dance like instrumental music from Iran

volumes

of the cittern family, Spanish with six pairs of strings

Portuguese mandolin

small South American Creole lute, pear shaped, and with a fretted neck, that comes in various sizes and ranges and has from 8 to 15 steel strings

a plucked string instrument of the lute family, popular both as a solo and as an accompanying instrument to songs of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the bando…

of the cittern family, Spanish with six pairs of strings

a fretless plucked dulcimer found in the Ukraine, with a short neck, an oval flat body and which is held vertically

small 12 string mandolin type instrument, played with a pick, with a very short wide neck and 14 metal frets, popular in Spain and Spanish America

a bandurria with 6 metal strings instead of guts strings

a plucked, four to nine wire occasionally gut strung instrument, the strings lying on a low bridge over a resonator made of a metal hoop, popular in early jazz and cou…

a ukulele banjo

a mandolin banjo

(West African) dance rhythm for young women

a vertical line used to metrically divide music into groups of beats see Staff, Barline, & Clef

Persian ud

a popular, banal style of close harmony singing, originally all male, begun in the US in the late nineteenth century

a song or instrumental piece associated with boats and boating generally in compound duple (6/8) or compound quadruple (12/8)

a song or instrumental piece associated with boats and boating generally in compound duple (6/8) or compound quadruple (12/8)

a song or instrumental piece associated with boats and boating generally in compound duple (6/8) or compound quadruple (12/8)

rapid alternation of open and stopped strings on the violin

See clef in Staff, Barline, & Clef

a song or instrumental piece associated with boats and boating generally in compound duple (6/8) or compound quadruple (12/8)

a vertical line drawn across the staff to mark off measures of a particular length, containing a number of notes whose total time value is set by the time signature se…

barn dances are the product of the colonial United States of America. Early Americans recreated them from England's country dances. They were performed in halls and ba…

bizarre, a very clearly definable type or genre of European music from the period c. 1580 to c. 1730

bizarre, a very clearly definable type or genre of European music from the period c. 1580 to c. 1730

bizarre, a very clearly definable type or genre of European music from the period c. 1580 to c. 1730

the baroque style of dance evolved during the middle of the seventeenth century

an early form of the modern guitar, normally double strung with five courses unlike the six single strings on the modern instrument

a device that clamps to the neck of a plucked string instrument and which change its tuning by shortening the sounding length of every string See Barre See Elements of…

Barré chord shapes let guitarists transpose harmonies while preserving familiar left hand geometry. Good setup depends on thumb placement, arm support, and controlled…

Also: barre chord shapes

(1885 1944) See Classical Guitarists and Composers

soft instruments suitable for chamber music

popular Malagasy dance rhythm from Diego Suárez

Basque dance

a term applied to rhythmically complex dance music of Basque origin

a strip of wood glued under the belly of a sound board to support one foot of the bridge and to improve the instrument's bass frequency resonant response

double bass

the bottom string on a bowed or plucked instrument

low, deep, bass

bass

a very early dance type, in which the feet are kept close to the ground

low, deep, basses

low, deep, bass

figured bass

ground bass, a pattern repeated several times over in the bass line to accompany one or more ever varying upper parts

racket

the lowest part in a polyphonic composition

a piece suggesting a battle

to beat time

a beat; a bar or measure

a tempo, return to the original speed

Afro Brazilian jam sessions

Afro Brazilian jam sessions

dance or ballet; flamenco dance

the flat sign

A part of a note. See beam in Elements of a Musical Score

Notes beamed in groups in a manor to distinguish the beats in a measure. See Elements of Standard Notation for Classical Guitar see Elements of Tablature for Classical…

arranged

arrangement

rhythmic pulse in a piece of music; a throbbing or undulating effect taking place in rapid succession when two notes not quite of the same pitch are sounded together

much

trembling, tremolo

a complex 1940's jazz style, characterized by very fast or very slow tempos with improvised lines of notes, irregular accents, and extended harmony, the patterns often…

the natural sign

natural sign

careful

in case of need

considerable

inspired, enthused

inspiration, exaltation

to accompany

accompanying

accompaniment

agreeably

nimbly

nimbleness

courageous

when a performer deliberately sounds the notes slightly after the beat set by the ensemble

both

almost

example

mordant

oppressed

oppressed

animating

animated

more animated

at will, at your pleasure, ad lib

optional

warlike

warlike

the upper surface of a stringed instrument on which the bridge rests, also called the table

amusing

a sign which lowers the pitch of a note by one semitone

a sign which lowers the pitch of a note by one semitone

a sign which lowers the pitch of a note by one semitone

well, much

well marked, accented

well held

a change in the pitch of a note for expressive purposes, so named because on the guitar the effect is produced, literally, by bending the string

well, much

the second part of the Sanctus of the Mass

when preceded by A suo the phrase means ad lib

when preceded by A suo the phrase means ad lib

Kenyan Luo pop music

the sign placed before a note that is neither sharpened or flattened

comfortable

rocking, lulling, swaying

a lullaby or instrumental piece in compound duple, 6/8 time

Croatian fretted bass

prepare, make ready

already, previously

a sixteenth and seventeenth century dance originally from Bergamo, then in simple duple time, but now associated with a wider range of time signatures

a sixteenth and seventeenth century dance originally from Bergamo, then in simple duple time, but now associated with a wider range of time signatures

a shepherd's song

a sixteenth and seventeenth century dance originally from Bergamo, then in simple duple time, but now associated with a wider range of time signatures

to make restful

becoming restful

become restful

more restful

calming

the note B double flat

to speed up

to speed up

animated

prominent, in a decided style

praying

stressed, emphasized, accentuated

accentuation

sadness

saddened

agile

agility

speeded

quicker

speed

Indian devotional song

a popular hybrid of traditional Indian music fused with late twentieth century pop

a half note

a song for two voices

well, very

famous blues band of the Midwest, also known as Authorizes Personnel

a rhythmic style which originated with the Beti people of present day Cameroon, Originally associated with war, the shedding of blood and calls for vengeance against o…

Indian plucked lute

a musical form made up of two sections sometimes termed A and B

two beats in a bar or measure

A fermata

repeat, encore, play again

until

whispered

a thirty second note see Note Values

where two keys are used simultaneously, originating from the use of modes, common in pre baroque, folk style and more modern works

where two keys are used simultaneously, originating from the use of modes, common in pre baroque, folk style and more modern works

entreating

a short necked Japanese lute, used in the seventh century in gagaku, with a cranked neck. played with an oversized plectrum. The number of frets varies from 4 to 6 and…

music played on the biwa

bizarre, whimsical

a quick tempo dance, characterized by a shaking or wiggling of the body

a half note see Note Values

to remain

remains

where the notes of the entire chord are played simultaneously and structured accordingly in succession

mere, merely

form of country & western music that developed during the mid 1940's, played by groups that include a double bass, two or more guitars, mandolins, fiddles, steel or Ha…

flattened third, seventh and occasionally fifth degrees of the major scale

See Musical Scales

wordless humming

sketch

the resonance box of a stringed instrument

tie or bind

tie or bind

a triple meter dance but includes only one or two sections or movements as compared with the standard three in a bolero

Spanish dance in 3/4 time; Cuban dance derived from the Spanish bolero, initially into 2/4 time then eventually into 4/4, but always slow

harp from West Africa with four gut strings over a gourd resonator and an attached tin rattle

a three string bass harp with a resonating gourd that can be used as a drum

one string bass from the Ivory Coast

in jazz and particularly in bop, an unexpectedly loud beat from the drummer on a backbeat, upbeat or irregular eighth note beat

a blues style of music which evolved in the Mississippi basin of the Deep South of the U.S.A

a complex 1940's jazz style, characterized by very fast or very slow tempos with improvised lines of notes, irregular accents, and extended harmony, the patterns often…

a French dance similar to the gavotte but beginning on the fourth beat of four rather than the third of four as in the gavotte

a French dance similar to the gavotte but beginning on the fourth beat of four rather than the third of four as in the gavotte

use of a chord in a key in which it is not diatonic, or the substitution of a chord from a different key into a work

a term used to describe when a note is divided into an unusual number of smaller notes, for example, when three quarter notes are to be played in the time of a half no…

a French dance similar to the gavotte but beginning on the fourth beat of four rather than the third of four as in the gavotte

a Brazilian popular music style developed in the late 1950s

a slide guitar, where a smooth, hard object, usually a hollow metal or glass cylinder, is used to change the pitches of the strings

comic

a French dance similar to the gavotte but beginning on the fourth beat (of four) rather than the third (of four) as in the gavotte

end

an improvisation

the curves in the sides of the instrument, especially the C shaped inward curves that form the waist

a twentieth century long necked Greek lute with a fretted neck and a pear shaped body containing two courses of strings which are tuned like the upper strings of a gui…

catgut, made from the intestines of sheep, lambs or goat

beats per minute, the usual measurement of tempo

of the arm

a rustic dance in duple time, similar to the gavotte, originating in France

a perpendicular line with bracket joining multiple staves

a rustic dance in duple time, similar to the gavotte, originating in France

a rustic dance in duple time, similar to the gavotte, originating in France

a rustic dance in duple time, similar to the gavotte, originating in France

arm

bridal song

bravery, gallantry

skill, spirit

a rustic dance in duple time, similar to the gavotte, originating in France

a rustic dance in duple time, similar to the gavotte, originating in France

provides a solo instrumentalist, usually the leader of a jazz or Blue Grass group, to play without the rest of the ensemble

originating from the hip hop movement, it consists of jerky rhythmic patterns, smooth linear robot like movements, syncopation and helicopter spins with the dancer on…

where, by use of a mark like a large comma or apostrophe placed above the stave, the composer requests that the performer break the musical line, so producing the desi…

a term applied to the performance of music on all instruments indicating all silences between sounds

largo, broad

a double whole note see Note Values

the device, normally made of wood, that transfers energy from a vibrating string to the belly, table or soundboard; the B section of an A A B A song form

brilliant, bright, sparkling, with verve and vivacity

brilliant, bright, sparkling, with verve and vivacity

brilliant, bright, sparkling, with verve and vivacity

a drinking song

free, spirit

spirited

broken, as in arpeggiation

Basque combat dance

an arpeggiated chord where the notes are played one after the other

an ensemble consisting of several different kinds of instruments

where alternate notes are played an octave apart

the interposition of short sections (general only a bar or two) in a contrasting time signature; unusual time signatures that can be unsettling to a less experienced p…

brusquely, short and abruptly

rustic

rustic

Japanese court dance

A banjo like instrument from India. made of a number of strings passing over what resembles a finger board. However, instead of directly fingering the keys, they are p…

festive type of Gypsy flamenco song and dance that originated Spain

double bass

jest

jestingly

jocular

jocular

jocular

in a jocular manner

to improvise on preset harmonies

a street performer; in music, a person who plays music on the street

classical Japanese dance

clef sign that marks the position of the note C on the staff. See clef in Staff, Barline, & Clef

A single finger holding multiple strings on a stringed instrument at the same time. Symbol used in standard notation for guitar. Number indicates which fret. Example:…

discordant or dissonant sound

a note ornament see cadence in Note Ornamentation

songs sung by soldiers while marching

In tonal harmony, cadential 6 4 often appears above scale degree 5 in the bass. It resolves into a dominant and then tonic, strengthening phrase closure.

Also: cadential six-four

diminuendo

accelerando

calmed, calming

calm

passion, warmth or animation

passion, warmth or animation

Spanish Easter songs

Caribbean popular musical form often humorous sung by a single guitarist or bands

a flowing style, a walking pace

Campanella (Italian for "little bell") uses alternate string choices so consecutive notes overlap. This creates a resonant, harp like effect and is common in: scale pa…

Parisian dance, originating in Paris, involving a line of high kicking women

very fast gigue like dance, in triple or duple compound meter, with a 'skipping' feel

natural sign, used to remove a previously applied accidental

a tune repeated so that the original order of notes is reversed the last note become the first, the penultimate note becomes the second, and so on until the first beco…

a musical form in which a (second, third, fourth, ….) line starting later than the one before it matches it note for note but such that the parts overlap

headphones, microphone and belt pack

traditional Christmas song from Majorca (Spain) about the second coming of Christ

in a singing style

in a singing style

flamenco singer (masc.)

in a singing style (femin.)

light flamenco song

profound Flamenco song style

serious Spanish flamenco song making use of the Phrygian cadence and the word ole

serious Spanish flamenco song making use of the Phrygian cadence and the word ole

flamenco style that has as theme the mines, its men and their difficulties

flamenco songs from the Extremadura region

a Biblical hymn

Lullaby smooth, melodious vocal style

song, melody

Spanish evening song

serious Spanish flamenco song making use of the Phrygian cadence and the word ole

melody at the top of a polyphonic piece, often set over a tenor line

short, simple song

short, simple song

Irish funeral song

chapel

device that clamps to the neck of a guitar and which change its tuning by shortening the sounding length of every string

device that clamps to the neck of a guitar and which change its tuning by shortening the sounding length of every string

device that clamps to the neck of a guitar and which change its tuning by shortening the sounding length of every string

device that clamps to the neck of a guitar and which change its tuning by shortening the sounding length of every string

device that clamps to the neck of a guitar and which change its tuning by shortening the sounding length of every string

chapel

light, quick, sometimes fanciful composition

capriciously

capricious

light, quick, sometimes fanciful composition

light, quick, sometimes fanciful composition

capricious

(1792 1853) See Classical Guitarists and Composers

prisoner's song

caressing

caressing

caressingly

Christmas song

double whole note see Note Values

(1770 1841) See Classical Guitarists and Composers

good, well; (English) a cord made from the intestines of animals, esp. of sheep, lambs or goats, used for strings of early guitars

small 4 stringed instrument from Portugal and the Portuguese speaking countries, used in samba music. inspiration for the Hawaiian ukulele

slow down generally before a return to an earlier tempo

device that can be moved to change the pitch of the flamenco guitar

speedily

quick, speedy

speed

small harp 24 to 34 strings, around 1 metre tall, with curved neck and pillar that is played resting on the knee

logarithmic unit used when measuring the difference between two pitches in an equal tempered scale; one cent is one one hundredth of an equal tempered semitone (half s…

abbreviated form of conferatur meaning 'compare'

popular Arabic music, also known as shaabi

fandango dance from Tarifa, in southern Spain, performed by two women and one man

fourteenth century French term for 'canon', two and three voice canons that imitated bird calls or the sounds of instruments, …..

considered to be the first chachachá, in 1953. As a dance, cha cha became popular in the 1950s and 1960s and is descended from mambo through triple mambo. It is in 4/4…

a slow stately dance with variations, popular during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, generally in triple time, played over a ground bass

(Old Eng.) a slow stately dance with variations, popular during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, generally in triple time, played over a ground bass

warmth, with warmth

warmth, with warmth

a prefix used to describe small scale musical activities, for example chamber symphony (a symphony for a small ensemble of players), chamber music (music generally wri…

Afro Colombian music style and dance from Cartagena, on the Caribbean coast

rustic

device in strict counterpoint where a non harmonic note is used on an accented beat

the set of chord changes, or harmonies, contained in the central theme or melody around which a piece has been built

change

non harmonic notes; two notes, one that leaves the chord note by a tone or semitone, then leaps to the next non harmonic note by skipping over the chord note, before r…

see in Time Signatures

in a singing style

each, every

a musical piece representing a location, mood or personality

small, 5 course, double strung guitar from South America, traditionally made with the shell of an armadillo

colloquial or jazz term for a arrangement or score

improvisations where one player performs a melodic riff and other members in the band take up the theme, often adding additional phrases, each trying to outplay the ot…

who, which

bridge of a stringed instrument

peg of a stringed instrument

unconfused

clearly

clarity

clear

clef

bass clef

C clef

treble clef

Chinese 4 string banjo with aluminum body

guitar

guitar from Calabria (southern Italy), also known as 'Renaissance guitar'. With four or five metal strings

a long necked member of the lute family fitted with extra bass strings, used to accompany solo singers, which was popular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

performer's technique when playing riffs, improvisations and melodic lines

music sung by a choir

a symphony that includes a chorus

traditional German hymn

a group of notes, normally two or more, played simultaneously

a form of musical notation using vertical and horizontal lines to represent the strings and frets on a guitar that uses numbered dots to show the position of the finge…

Inversions rearrange chord tones while keeping chord identity. For triads: root position: root in bass first inversion: third in bass second inversion: fifth in bass O…

abbreviations for chord names used by players of the guitar, ukulele….

a form of music in which a single melody is accompanied by sets of chords, instead of a competing counter melody

a fairly large choir; a refrain of a song

a scale in which all the intervals between succeeding notes is a semitone (half note)

a note that does not form part of the major or natural, melodic or harmonic minor scales

Scale composed of twelve half steps see Musical Scales

accidentals

chromatic

Plagal Cadence. A chord progression where the subdominant chord is followed by the tonic chord In the tonality of C major, an plagal cadence would be the subdominant f…

A single finger holding multiple strings on a stringed instrument at the same time. Symbol used in standard notation for guitar. Roman numeral (after C) indicates whic…

slow stately dance with variations, popular during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, generally in triple time, played over a ground bass

five

five

fifth

that is

chain of intervals. each interval a fifth, after passing through every note of the scale returns to a note, several octaves different, from that on which the chain beg…

containing partials that are not part of the natural harmonic series. Clangorous tones often sound bell like

members of an audience, hired by a performer, usually to respond rapturously and loudly during the performance including calling for frequent encores, audience response

a period in music generally understood to be between 1750 and 1820; music that is has an enduring quality

a period in music generally understood to be between 1750 and 1820; music that is has an enduring quality

five note, two bar rhythmic pattern which generates rhythmic measurement and is the foundation and backbone of salsa

symbol placed on the left of the stave which establishes the relationship between notes and their position on the staff lines and spaces See clef in Elements of a Musi…

clef sign that shows the position of F on the staff, for example, the bass clef See clef in Staff, Barline, & Clef

clef sign that shows the position of G on the staff, for example, the treble clef See clef in Staff, Barline, & Clef

technique for reinforcing the live sound of a musical or band with recorded sound from one track of a tape. The other track of the tape consists of a click used by the…

a cadence in which the last note sounds conclusive; that note, termed the 'final', which is the central note of the melody; the second ending of a repeated section

cadence

a form of harmony where the harmonizing notes lie close to the melody

second of two endings in a secular medieval work, usually cadencing on the final

passage ended onto the end of a composition see in Repeats, D.S.,D.C....

see in Repeats, D.S.,D.C....

the flag attached to the tail of a note to show its length

the flags attached to the tail of a note to show their length

a passage within a composition in sonata form which, while resembling a coda, occurs at the end of the exposition rather than at the end of the piece

with the

with the

to follow the speed of the singer

with the

with the

with the

to follow the speed of the singer

to follow the speed of the singer

a technique where musical fragments from other compositions are overlapped within a new work

with the

flamenco style influenced by South American rhythms

third note heard when two notes are played simultaneously, resultant tone

Small group of musicians, usually four to six

as, like, as if

as before

comic

as, like, as if

one for which a composer is given a contract

a chord containing a root, third, and fifth

the meter of a four line stanza with eight, six, eight and six syllables per line

the meter of a four line stanza with eight, six, eight and six syllables per line

a note that remains the same between two different chords

the time signature 4/4 See common time in Elements of a Musical Score see in Time Signatures

a note that remains the same between two different chords

comfortably, conveniently, moderately

at an easy pace, comfortable, moderate

abbreviation of 'composed'

musical gathering

the range of an instrument

pleasing

pleasingly

pleasure

the practice of supplying background music comprised of chords while a soloist is improvising

Plagal Cadence. A chord progression where the subdominant chord is followed by the tonic chord In the tonality of C major, an plagal cadence would be the subdominant f…

a time signature such as 4+2+3 / 8

a time signature such as 4+2+3 / 8

composed

composed

a person who writes music

the music that a composer writes

standard chord with an added octave in the bass

an interval greater than an octave, for example, a ninth, an eleventh, a thirteenth

to count

with

with love, lovingly

with spirit

forcefully, vigorously

with fire

with grandeur

play with emotion

with mutes

with mute

musical performance in front of an audience

the first violinist or leader of an orchestra

single movement concert piece for orchestra

the pitch to which an ensemble tunes, typically a'= 440Hz

the first violinist or leader of an orchestra

in the form of a concerto, where there is interplay between the performers

in the form of a concerto, where there is interplay between the performers

a shorter work

ensemble music for voice(s) and instrument(s) (seventeenth century

agitation

agitated, roused, stirred

agitation

a chord, or group of notes complete and in total harmony with each other

a chord, or group of notes complete and in total harmony with each other

to direct a performance by an ensemble

a person who conducts

in which a theme moves by no more than a tone or semitone from one note to the next

a note that is held between adjacent chords

a progression where the harmonic interval between the parts remains fixed in octaves, in thirds, in fourths……..

where musicians study

where musicians study

where musicians study

to preserve, to retain

tale

a term applied to any music written within the last forty or fifty years

Renaissance polyphonic style where subjects move between the lines or voices, often overlapping one another

a prefix indicating that the pitch of an instrument is usually one octave lower

double bass

double bass

popular eighteenth century French dance form

two voices moving in opposite directions

the use of differentiated tempi, timbres, dynamics or time signatures

double bass

popular eighteenth century French dance form

restrained, unemotional performance with lush harmonies, moderate volume levels and tempos

Spanish songs set to popular poems

stanzas

piece with bell like effects

piece with bell like effects

string

strings

string

strings

open string

open string

dance accompanied by song

choir, chorus

musical symbol placed over a note or rest to extend its normal duration

short

short

short

short

(1806 1883) See Classical Guitarists and Composers

a melody designed to fit against a more important line

Counterpoint is central to baroque and classical repertoire and influences guitar transcription practice. Players often shape each voice distinctly to preserve musical…

secondary theme of a fugue

secondary theme of a fugue

popular eighteenth century French dance form

duplet, a two note slur, an episode in an early French rondeau

Rapid French dance in triple meter time

pair or more of strings tuned to the same note or an octave apart

a piece of counterpoint in which one part is identical to another, but backwards

The composer and/or arranger of a piece. See Elements of Standard Notation for Classical Guitar see Elements of Tablature for Classical Guitar

increasingly loud see crescendo in Phrasing Symbols see dynamic symbols in Phrasing Symbols

increasingly loud and getting steadily faster

eighth note see Note Values

flag attached to the tail of a note to show its length

flags attached to the tail of a note to show its length

eighth note see Note Values

chromatic

chromatic

chromatic

chromatic

merging of styles

quarter note see Note Values

quarter rest

a phrase that begins on the downbeat of a bar and ends at the end of a bar

brassy

dark, somber

quick duple time in which the half note is given one beat instead of two See cut time in Elements of a Musical Score see in Time Signatures

several movements or pieces designed to be played in succession

work in which some or all of the movements share related material

cycle

Da capo; from the beginning

Da capo al fine; return to the beginning and end at the point marked by the word fine

Da capo al segno; return to the beginning and end at the point marked with a sign

Dal segno; from the sign

from, of

from the beginning

return to the beginning and end at the point marked by the word fine see in Repeats, D.S.,D.C....

return to the beginning and end at the point marked with a sign see in Repeats, D.S.,D.C....

light classical Indian song

from the sign see in Repeats, D.S.,D.C....

(Indian) six string instrument used by nomadic people of Tibetan

to quiet a stringed instrument by touching the string(s)

muffle, deaden or restrain the tone of an instrument

mute

muting

(Vietnam) a long necked lute with three silk strings and 10 frets

a form of expression using movement

instrumentalists that play music for dancing

Breton dance tune

dance

dance

dance

amongst them, under there

the

the same

duration

continuing, lasting

Decibel; relative measurement for the loudness of sound

from, of

from the, of the

immediately, one following the other

a room with very thick sound absorbers, causing a very dull sound with no reverberation

very loud Midwestern heavy metal band that inspired the scientific studies between noise and global warming. see DeadEchoes

weak

weak

weak

first public performance

the process by which a sound gradually disappears

A chord progression where the dominant chord is followed by a chord other than the tonic chord In the tonality of C major, a deceptive cadence could be the dominant G…

descant

relative measurement for the loudness of sound

with decision

with decision

interval covering ten degrees of the scale; octave and a third

a composition for ten performers

perform in a bold, decisive manner

in a declamatory style

in a declamatory style

to uncouple

to get gradually softer see decrescendo in Phrasing Symbols see dynamic symbols in Phrasing Symbols

to get gradually softer

fault, lack

the position of a note in the scale, for example, D is the second degree in the scale of C

outside, prominent

delicately

delicacy

as delicately as possible

delicate

detached, staccato

fren zied

frenzy

sweet

the shift the left hand close to the bridge

half

to play at half strength

half rest

eighth rest

half step, semitone

producing a very soft tone

sing very quietly

thirty second note see Note Values

thirty second rest

meek

meek

nevertheless

compositions of the Medieval and Renaissance eras commonly written in the phrygian mode

the

firm, solid

the right hand

the right hand

the same

jam or improvisation

a melodic line steadily falling in pitch

program music

desire

ease

ease

music stand

below

above

sprightly

dexterous

right

detached, staccato

determined

to change the pitch of one oscillator relative to another, producing a fuller sound

distinct

German

two

in 2/2 time, in a tempo where there are two dance steps to a bar whatever the time signature

second

a musical form during which thematic material, introduced earlier, is greatly extended

devout, with devotion

devotion

general term for Greek folk music

a short piece in the style of Indian folk music

by, from, of

very

anew

above

the tritone, diminished fifth or augmented fourth

octave

standard pitch

the interval of a fifth

a musical interval

notation that indicates the pitch of a note by its vertical placing on the page

notes that occur naturally in a scale, without being modified by accidentals other than those in the relevant key signature

the interval between any two notes that both appear in the major or minor scales of the prevailing keynote

any scale of the major, natural minor, melodic minor or harmonic minor scales based on a particular key note

poem

thick

the clarity of a musical line

the

ten

sharp sign

a principal movement in the Requiem

sharp sign

the same

behind

a third note, with a frequency given by the difference in the frequencies of two other notes played together

a third note, with a frequency given by the difference in the frequencies of two other notes played together

grandeur

Chinese low pitched bowed lute

cross between the sitar and sarangi

dying away

lengthening

Diminuendo

an interval narrowed by one semitone from a perfect or minor interval

gradually getting softer see dynamic symbols in Phrasing Symbols

when a melody is played in such a way that the time value of every note is shortened

(1784 1849) See Classical Guitarists and Composers

a cautionary symbol placed at the end of a staff or page to indicate what the note following will be

a slow mournful piece associated with funeral and memorial services

skillful, dexterous

a combination of notes that sound dissonant to the ear

discretion, reserve

discreet, reserved

discretion, reserve

easy going

where the notes in a melody move in leaps, intervals greater than a tone, rather than from note to neighbouring notes only a semitone or tone different

desperate, despair

desperate, despair

desperate, despair

desperate, despair

pitches that played together cause a discord, for example, seconds, sevenths and the tritone

distance

clear, distinct

a form of variations

devoutly

devoutly

devoutness

ten

style of jazz with a simple, cheerful character

double flat

double sharp

slide guitar with metal resonator discs mounted inside the body

nevertheless, still, yet

the highest musical degree

a harmonic system employing the twelve tone principle of composition giving equal status to all twelve chromatic notes

sorrow

sorrowfully

sorrowful

finger

fingering

melancholic Romanian folk song

must

must

soft, sweet

very softly, very sweetly

sorrowful

sorrowfully

very sorrowful

pain

painfully

painful

the fifth degree of the diatonic scale

a central Asian or Russian plucked string instrument with a convex back and three strings, like a mandolin

the closing movement in the Mass

after, afterward

double

double flat sign

double flat sign

double whole note

double whole rest

double whole note

double stop, a technique of playing two separate notes simultaneously by using two separate strings on a stringed instrument

double sharp sign

to double

twice as fast

a note ornament see Doppelt Cadence in Note Ornamentation

a note ornament see Doppelt Cadence und Mordant in Note Ornamentation

double whole note see Note Values

double

double flat sign

double sharp sign

twice as fast

two or three string banjo like plucked instrument

placed above or below the notehead it indicates a staccato, placed immediately after a note it indicates that the note should be extended by half as much again as its…

a two stringed version of the ektar

variation

a pair of vertical lines at the end of a section of a work

a concerto for two solo instruments and orchestra

a method of counterpoint in which a second melody is added to an existing melody

in a concerto, when the theme is stated twice, once by the orchestra and once by the soloist

the sign that lowers a note by two semitones See double flat sign in Note Symbols

a fugue which has two separate subjects

a work written for eight players

the sign that raises a note by two semitones See double sharp sign in Note Symbols

when two voices or parts are written on the same staff and play the same note

a string instrument technique in which the player, placing two fingers on adjacent strings and playing two strings simultaneously

a Breve see Note Values

double flat sign

sixteenth note see Note Values

double sharp sign

double whole rest

double whole note

in jazz, packing twice as many notes in a measure as were there in the preceding measures so that the tempo appears to gain a great deal of momentum but the chord prog…

where two instruments play the same part in ensemble playing

an augmented sixth chord, which contains a sharpened second from the tonic

gentle, soft, sweet

gently, softly, sweetly

sadness

sad

sadly

sadness

gentle, soft, sweet

the motion of a conductor's hand or baton to mark the stronger beats in the bar

dramatic

hurrying, urging forward

three

pressing on, urgent

third

where music is performed with a strong forward motion as the energy intensifies

threatening

right

right

Performing Rights

a note fixed in pitch held throughout the performance of a melody

of the

with the first note muted and the second note unmated

putting all the elements of sound, dialogue, sound effects and music, onto one soundtrack

two

a person with a sense of flamenco in their artistic soul

a piece of music for two players

a little duet

misty

lute of the Tartar people

a Slavonic folk ballad, alternately slow and quick, often in a minor key

slow, melancholy old English dance usually in 4/4 time

slow, melancholy old English dance usually in 4/4 time

dull, muted

dark

darker

duet

duet

grief

a time signature, with an even number of beats 2/2, 4/2, 6/8…

a time signature, with an even number of beats 2/2, 4/2, 6/8…

a pair of notes, or a note and a rest, having the time usually given to three

where two instruments play the same part in ensemble playing

major, in the sense of major key

major key

major key

hardness, harshness, sternness

the length of time that a note is sounded, or rest is held

Symbol used for length of time something is held. See Elements of Standard Notation for Classical Guitar

through

throughout

penetrating

development

passing note

applied to songs which use a new melody for each verse rather than a single melody throughout

altogether, generally, nearly always, throughout

hardness, severity

hardness, severity

firm, hard

somber

a 14 stringed Afghan plucked lute, with a long neck, from the Herat region

used in fugues or canons to signify the first entering part

a term applied to two notes, in the same way that a triad is a term applied to three notes

mark indicating that the dynamic level of a piece should gradually or suddenly change see dynamic symbols in Phrasing Symbols See Elements of Standard Notation for Cla…

varying degrees of loudness or softness

Typical dynamic markings include , , , , , and . Articulation markings include slurs, staccato, accents, and tenuto, which define character and phrasing.

music written from the Middle Ages to about 1750

in the same way, likewise

just as

hard black rubber

church; church related

church modes

scale

brilliant, gorgeous, piercing

a term applied to a composer's style when he is writing in an atypical manner

echo

school

short piece of music in in pastoral style

a 2 in a bar contredanse, from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries

and

noble

to touch very lightly

effect of music on an audience

equal

equal

equally

ecologue

equal

equally

equality

equality

zeal

in an ardent style, zealous

an interval of an octave

one eighth the time value of a whole note see Note Values

one eighth the time value of a whole rest

haste

to hurry

accelerando

speedy

a, one

a, one

simple, single

introduction, preface or prelude

some

to turn back, a turning back

once

die away

for one part

beginning, entrance

single

folk instrument used to provide a drone as well as simple rhythmic accompaniment to folk songs in the Indian subcontinent, one stringed lute

development or expansion of a musical idea or theme

broadened

to broaden, to take more slowly

broadening

broaden

electronic music

elegant

elegantly

elegy

elegiac

a lament

a lament

See Elements of a Musical Score in Elements of a Musical Score

elevated of spirit

elevation of spirit

pupil, student

a compound interval of an octave plus a fourth